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Nursing HomeMedicaid Investigative

Birchwood Park Rehabilitation

Below-average Medicare ratings — review the inspection history and ask the administrator about recent corrections before visiting.

340 Lynn Shores Drive, North Central · Virginia Beach, VA 23452150 bedsLicensed & Active
1/5
Medicare
Inspection
Quality
Staffing
Google rating
4.0/5

based on 97 Google reviews

5
4
3
2
1
Birchwood Park Rehabilitation Nursing Home in Virginia Beach, VA — Street View
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8/ 10
critical Risk

Quality Concerns Identified

Medicare inspection and quality data reveal areas that families should carefully evaluate before choosing this facility.

  • Abuse citation on record
  • Low overall rating (1/5 stars)
  • Low staffing rating (2/5 stars)
  • Above-median deficiencies (52 vs median 11.0)
  • High staff turnover (66%)
  • High RN turnover (62%)

Bottom 25% in VA · Below recommended RN staffing · Worst in EASTERN HEALTHCARE GROUP chain · $131,178 in fines · Abuse citation

Source: Medicare data

What this means for your family

While the facility has a dedicated rehab team and several highly praised staff members, the recurring reports of pest issues and slow response times are significant red flags. We strongly recommend that you visit the facility unannounced during a weekend or evening to observe the actual environment and staffing levels before making a decision.

Google Reviews

Google Reviews

97 reviews on Google
Birchwood Park Rehabilitation receives highly polarized reviews, with recent feedback highlighting a stark divide between praise for specific staff members and severe concerns regarding basic care standards. While many families commend the admissions and nursing teams for their professionalism and compassion, a significant number of reviewers report issues with facility cleanliness, pest infestations, and slow response times to patient needs. Families considering this facility should be aware of these inconsistencies and are strongly encouraged to conduct unannounced visits.

Quality Themes

Tap a score for details
Food3.0Staff6.0Clean2.0Activities7.0MedsN/AMemory2.0Comms5.0ValueN/A

Strengths

  • Dedicated and compassionate nursing staff
  • Helpful and professional admissions team
  • On-site dialysis services
  • Renovated rehab gym and equipment

Concerns

  • Poor facility cleanliness, including roaches and odors (mentioned by 8 reviewers)
  • Slow response times to call buttons and patient needs (mentioned by 5 reviewers)
  • Poor food quality and failure to follow dietary requirements (mentioned by 4 reviewers)
  • Inadequate staffing levels or lack of attention to patients (mentioned by 6 reviewers)

Rating Trends

Tap a year to see what changed

2345.02021(1)1.02022(4)2.02023(7)4.02024(18)4.72025(57)3.52026(15)

Distribution · 102 analyzed

5
71
4
9
3
0
2
2
1
20
17 reviews posted between Apr 29, 2025May 1, 2025 · 17 were 5-star
13 reviews posted between Dec 9, 2024Dec 14, 2024 · 11 were 5-star

How They Respond to Reviews

90%response rate

This facility actively engages with reviewer feedback.

Questions for Your Tour

  • 1I noticed you have a very active process for responding to online feedback; how do you use that input to improve the day-to-day experience for residents?
  • 2With the recent renovations to your rehab gym, what specific programs or therapies are you currently prioritizing for residents recovering from surgery?
  • 3I’ve read about concerns regarding facility hygiene; could you walk me through your current housekeeping schedule and the protocols in place to ensure rooms and common areas remain sanitized?
  • 4Since on-site dialysis is a key service here, how do you coordinate that care with the nursing staff to ensure residents are closely monitored throughout the day?
  • 5How do you manage call light response times during peak hours to ensure that residents’ immediate needs are addressed promptly?
  • 6I understand dietary needs can be complex; how do you ensure that the kitchen staff consistently follows individual meal plans and medical dietary restrictions?

Personalized based on this facility's data


Key Review Excerpts

I cannot urge people enough to visit unannounced before you decide to place a loved one here. Cleanliness was definitely not a priority here as my family counted roaches on the floor at one of our visits.

Family member · 2025☆☆☆☆

The staff, nurses, therapy, activities staff, chaplain and front desk attendants were professional and caring. You feel welcomed and respected, and that made a difference in the way my dad recovered.

Long-term resident's family · 2025★★★★★

The only negative worth mentioning are the roaches. Staff did their best to make accommodations, but the building is old and needs remodeling.

Long-term resident's family · 2024★★★★
Source: 97 Google reviews

Staffing

Staffing Hours

per resident/day · Medicare 2026
RN Hours
0.51hrs
68%
Registered nurses for medical care
Total Nursing
3.29hrs
80%
All nurses + aides combined
Staff Turnover
62%
Lower is better (< 30% = good)
RN Turnover
48%
Lower is better (< 30% = good)

Both RN and total nursing hours are below national benchmarks. This can mean less clinical attention per resident, so ask about their staffing plan.

Quality Measures

Quality Measures

Resident outcomes compared with national, state, and local averages · 17 measures

Medicare Rating
3/ 5
Better Than Avg

9

measures

Worse Than Avg

7

measures

Mixed Results

1

measures

Long-Stay Residents
😔

Residents with depression symptoms

↓ Lower is better
This Facility33.9%
Worse than Avg
Here
33.9%
US
12.1%
VA
16.9%
Virginia beach city
17.4%

Highly dependent on how each facility screens and codes depressive symptoms, so it varies widely between facilities.

💉

Residents vaccinated for the flu

↑ Higher is better
This Facility75.8%
Worse than Avg
Here
75.8%
US
95.5%
VA
94.0%
Virginia beach city
92.1%
💊

Residents on anti-anxiety or sleep medication

↓ Lower is better
This Facility8.2%
Better than Avg
Here
8.2%
US
19.5%
VA
20.4%
Virginia beach city
16.3%
🚿

Residents whose bladder or bowel control got worse

↓ Lower is better
This Facility30.7%
Worse than Avg
Here
30.7%
US
19.4%
VA
22.0%
Virginia beach city
21.8%
🚶

Residents whose walking got worse

↓ Lower is better
This Facility7.9%
Better than Avg
Here
7.9%
US
15.3%
VA
16.4%
Virginia beach city
12.8%
🛏️

Residents needing more daily help over time

↓ Lower is better
This Facility7.6%
Better than Avg
Here
7.6%
US
14.4%
VA
15.3%
Virginia beach city
13.0%
Short-Stay Residents (Rehab / Post-Acute)
💉

Short-stay residents vaccinated for pneumonia

↑ Higher is better
This Facility35.4%
Worse than Avg
Here
35.4%
US
81.8%
VA
73.9%
Virginia beach city
64.7%
💉

Short-stay residents vaccinated for the flu

↑ Higher is better
This Facility58.6%
Worse than Avg
Here
58.6%
US
79.8%
VA
73.6%
Virginia beach city
64.3%
💊

Short-stay residents newly given antipsychotics

↓ Lower is better
This Facility0.8%
Better than Avg
Here
0.8%
US
1.6%
VA
1.2%
Virginia beach city
0.8%
Source: Medicare quality measures

US average from Medicare published data

Inspection History

Medicare Inspection History

3-year lookback · Medicare 2026

46deficiencies
1penalties
Well above state avg (14.5)
37 complaint-triggered
$131,178 in fines

Birchwood Park has persistent quality concerns with 137 deficiencies across recent surveys, including 37 triggered by family complaints. The facility repeatedly struggles with medication management, infection control, and resident care planning, with issues spanning multiple years from 2020 to 2025. Most concerning are ongoing problems with abuse prevention policies and daily care assistance that continue to generate complaints, though the facility has corrected cited deficiencies when identified.

Apr 4, 2025Complaint
6
0550Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Resident Rights Deficiencies

Honor the resident's right to a dignified existence, self-determination, communication, and to exercise his or her rights.

0607Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Freedom from Abuse, Neglect, and Exploitation Deficiencies

Develop and implement policies and procedures to prevent abuse, neglect, and theft.

0609Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Freedom from Abuse, Neglect, and Exploitation Deficiencies

Timely report suspected abuse, neglect, or theft and report the results of the investigation to proper authorities.

0610Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Freedom from Abuse, Neglect, and Exploitation Deficiencies

Respond appropriately to all alleged violations.

0677Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies

Provide care and assistance to perform activities of daily living for any resident who is unable.

0698Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies

Provide safe, appropriate dialysis care/services for a resident who requires such services.

Dec 19, 2024Complaint
28
0603Actual harm · IsolatedCorrected

Freedom from Abuse, Neglect, and Exploitation Deficiencies

Protect each resident from separation (from other residents, his/her room, or confinement to his/her room).

0686Actual harm · IsolatedCorrected

Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies

Provide appropriate pressure ulcer care and prevent new ulcers from developing.

0684Actual harm · IsolatedCorrected

Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies

Provide appropriate treatment and care according to orders, resident’s preferences and goals.

0584Potential for harm · WidespreadCorrected

Resident Rights Deficiencies

Honor the resident's right to a safe, clean, comfortable and homelike environment, including but not limited to receiving treatment and supports for daily living safely.

0880Potential for harm · WidespreadCorrected

Infection Control Deficiencies

Provide and implement an infection prevention and control program.

0565Potential for harm · PatternCorrected

Resident Rights Deficiencies

Honor the resident's right to organize and participate in resident/family groups in the facility.

0656Potential for harm · PatternCorrected

Resident Assessment and Care Planning Deficiencies

Develop and implement a complete care plan that meets all the resident's needs, with timetables and actions that can be measured.

0657Potential for harm · PatternCorrected

Resident Assessment and Care Planning Deficiencies

Develop the complete care plan within 7 days of the comprehensive assessment; and prepared, reviewed, and revised by a team of health professionals.

0677Potential for harm · PatternCorrected

Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies

Provide care and assistance to perform activities of daily living for any resident who is unable.

0698Potential for harm · PatternCorrected

Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies

Provide safe, appropriate dialysis care/services for a resident who requires such services.

0755Potential for harm · PatternCorrected

Pharmacy Service Deficiencies

Provide pharmaceutical services to meet the needs of each resident and employ or obtain the services of a licensed pharmacist.

0641Potential for harm · PatternCorrected

Resident Assessment and Care Planning Deficiencies

Ensure each resident receives an accurate assessment.

0568Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Resident Rights Deficiencies

Properly hold, secure, and manage each resident's personal money which is deposited with the nursing home.

0580Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Resident Rights Deficiencies

Immediately tell the resident, the resident's doctor, and a family member of situations (injury/decline/room, etc.) that affect the resident.

0583Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Resident Rights Deficiencies

Keep residents' personal and medical records private and confidential.

0609Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Freedom from Abuse, Neglect, and Exploitation Deficiencies

Timely report suspected abuse, neglect, or theft and report the results of the investigation to proper authorities.

0623Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Resident Rights Deficiencies

Provide timely notification to the resident, and if applicable to the resident representative and ombudsman, before transfer or discharge, including appeal rights.

0658Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Resident Assessment and Care Planning Deficiencies

Ensure services provided by the nursing facility meet professional standards of quality.

0692Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies

Provide enough food/fluids to maintain a resident's health.

0760Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Pharmacy Service Deficiencies

Ensure that residents are free from significant medication errors.

0840Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Administration Deficiencies

Employ or obtain outside professional resources to provide services in the nursing home when the facility does not employ a qualified professional to furnish a required service.

0842Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Resident Assessment and Care Planning Deficiencies

Safeguard resident-identifiable information and/or maintain medical records on each resident that are in accordance with accepted professional standards.

0921Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Environmental Deficiencies

Make sure that the nursing home area is safe, easy to use, clean and comfortable for residents, staff and the public.

0550Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Resident Rights Deficiencies

Honor the resident's right to a dignified existence, self-determination, communication, and to exercise his or her rights.

0558Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Resident Rights Deficiencies

Reasonably accommodate the needs and preferences of each resident.

0607Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Freedom from Abuse, Neglect, and Exploitation Deficiencies

Develop and implement policies and procedures to prevent abuse, neglect, and theft.

0610Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Freedom from Abuse, Neglect, and Exploitation Deficiencies

Respond appropriately to all alleged violations.

0661Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Resident Assessment and Care Planning Deficiencies

Ensure necessary information is communicated to the resident, and receiving health care provider at the time of a planned discharge.

Dec 19, 2024Routine
32
0689Actual harm · IsolatedCorrected

Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies

Ensure that a nursing home area is free from accident hazards and provides adequate supervision to prevent accidents.

0697Actual harm · IsolatedCorrected

Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies

Provide safe, appropriate pain management for a resident who requires such services.

0932Potential for harm · Widespread

Smoke Deficiencies

Meet other general requirements.

0679Potential for harm · WidespreadCorrected

Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies

Provide activities to meet all resident's needs.

0680Potential for harm · WidespreadCorrected

Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies

Ensure the activities program is directed by a qualified professional.

0839Potential for harm · WidespreadCorrected

Administration Deficiencies

Employ staff that are licensed, certified, or registered in accordance with state laws.

0850Potential for harm · WidespreadCorrected

Administration Deficiencies

Hire a qualified full-time social worker in a facility with more than 120 beds.

0916Potential for harm · WidespreadCorrected

Gas, Vacuum, and Electrical Systems Deficiencies

Have a battery powered remote alarm panel in a location accessible by operating personnel.

0645Potential for harm · PatternCorrected

Resident Assessment and Care Planning Deficiencies

PASARR screening for Mental disorders or Intellectual Disabilities

0756Potential for harm · PatternCorrected

Pharmacy Service Deficiencies

Ensure a licensed pharmacist perform a monthly drug regimen review, including the medical chart, following irregularity reporting guidelines in developed policies and procedures.

0761Potential for harm · PatternCorrected

Pharmacy Service Deficiencies

Ensure drugs and biologicals used in the facility are labeled in accordance with currently accepted professional principles; and all drugs and biologicals must be stored in locked compartments, separately locked, compartments for controlled drugs.

0835Potential for harm · PatternCorrected

Administration Deficiencies

Administer the facility in a manner that enables it to use its resources effectively and efficiently.

0940Potential for harm · PatternCorrected

Administration Deficiencies

Develop, implement, and/or maintain an effective training program for all new and existing staff members.

0941Potential for harm · PatternCorrected

Administration Deficiencies

Develop, implement, and/or maintain an effective training program that includes effective communications for direct care staff members.

0942Potential for harm · PatternCorrected

Resident Rights Deficiencies

Ensure that staff members are educated on resident rights and facility responsibilities to properly care for its residents.

0944Potential for harm · PatternCorrected

Administration Deficiencies

Conduct mandatory training, for all staff, on the facility’s Quality Assurance and Performance Improvement Program.

0946Potential for harm · PatternCorrected

Administration Deficiencies

Provide training in compliance and ethics.

0947Potential for harm · PatternCorrected

Nursing and Physician Services Deficiencies

Ensure nurse aides have the skills they need to care for residents, and give nurse aides education in dementia care and abuse prevention.

0949Potential for harm · PatternCorrected

Administration Deficiencies

Provide behavior health training consistent with the requirements and as determined by a facility assessment.

0918Potential for harm · PatternCorrected

Gas, Vacuum, and Electrical Systems Deficiencies

Have generator or other power source capable of supplying service within 10 seconds.

0554Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Resident Rights Deficiencies

Allow residents to self-administer drugs if determined clinically appropriate.

0560Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Resident Rights Deficiencies

Protect a residents' right to refuse some types of non-requested transfers within the nursing home.

0586Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Resident Rights Deficiencies

Not prohibit or in any way discourage a resident from communicating with federal, state, or local officials.

0636Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Resident Assessment and Care Planning Deficiencies

Assess the resident completely in a timely manner when first admitted, and then periodically, at least every 12 months.

0637Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Resident Assessment and Care Planning Deficiencies

Assess the resident when there is a significant change in condition

0849Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Administration Deficiencies

Arrange for the provision of hospice services or assist the resident in transferring to a facility that will arrange for the provision of hospice services.

0883Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Infection Control Deficiencies

Develop and implement policies and procedures for flu and pneumonia vaccinations.

0887Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Infection Control Deficiencies

Educate residents and staff on COVID-19 vaccination, offer the COVID-19 vaccine to eligible residents and staff after education, and properly document each resident and staff member's vaccination status.

0291Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Egress Deficiencies

Install emergency lighting that can last at least 1 1/2 hours.

0353Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Smoke Deficiencies

Inspect, test, and maintain automatic sprinkler systems.

0712Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Miscellaneous Deficiencies

Have simulated fire drills held at unexpected times.

0761Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Miscellaneous Deficiencies

To conduct inspection, testing and maintenance of fire doors by qualified individuals.

Apr 15, 2024Complaint
2
0655Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Resident Assessment and Care Planning Deficiencies

Create and put into place a plan for meeting the resident's most immediate needs within 48 hours of being admitted

0805Potential for harm · IsolatedResolved (past non-compliance)

Nutrition and Dietary Deficiencies

Ensure each resident receives and the facility provides food prepared in a form designed to meet individual needs.

Nov 3, 2023Complaint
1
0686Potential for harm · PatternCorrected

Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies

Provide appropriate pressure ulcer care and prevent new ulcers from developing.

Sep 30, 2021Routine
30
0880Immediate jeopardy · WidespreadCorrected

Infection Control Deficiencies

Provide and implement an infection prevention and control program.

0886Immediate jeopardy · WidespreadCorrected

Infection Control Deficiencies

Perform COVID19 testing on residents and staff.

0837Potential for harm · WidespreadCorrected

Administration Deficiencies

Establish a governing body that is legally responsible for establishing and implementing policies for managing and operating the facility and appoints a properly licensed administrator responsible for managing the facility.

0838Potential for harm · WidespreadCorrected

Administration Deficiencies

Conduct and document a facility-wide assessment to determine what resources are necessary to care for residents competently during both day-to-day operations (including nights and weekends) and emergencies.

0840Potential for harm · WidespreadCorrected

Administration Deficiencies

Employ or obtain outside professional resources to provide services in the nursing home when the facility does not employ a qualified professional to furnish a required service.

0867Potential for harm · WidespreadCorrected

Administration Deficiencies

Set up an ongoing quality assessment and assurance group to review quality deficiencies and develop corrective plans of action.

0925Potential for harm · WidespreadCorrected

Environmental Deficiencies

Make sure there is a pest control program to prevent/deal with mice, insects, or other pests.

0622Potential for harm · PatternCorrected

Resident Rights Deficiencies

Not transfer or discharge a resident without an adequate reason; and must provide documentation and convey specific information when a resident is transferred or discharged.

0625Potential for harm · PatternCorrected

Resident Rights Deficiencies

Notify the resident or the resident’s representative in writing how long the nursing home will hold the resident’s bed in cases of transfer to a hospital or therapeutic leave.

0657Potential for harm · PatternCorrected

Resident Assessment and Care Planning Deficiencies

Develop the complete care plan within 7 days of the comprehensive assessment; and prepared, reviewed, and revised by a team of health professionals.

0690Potential for harm · PatternCorrected

Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies

Provide appropriate care for residents who are continent or incontinent of bowel/bladder, appropriate catheter care, and appropriate care to prevent urinary tract infections.

0727Potential for harm · PatternCorrected

Nursing and Physician Services Deficiencies

Have a registered nurse on duty 8 hours a day; and select a registered nurse to be the director of nurses on a full time basis.

0881Potential for harm · PatternCorrected

Infection Control Deficiencies

Implement a program that monitors antibiotic use.

0883Potential for harm · PatternCorrected

Infection Control Deficiencies

Develop and implement policies and procedures for flu and pneumonia vaccinations.

0885Potential for harm · PatternCorrected

Infection Control Deficiencies

Report COVID19 data to residents and families.

0921Potential for harm · PatternCorrected

Environmental Deficiencies

Make sure that the nursing home area is safe, easy to use, clean and comfortable for residents, staff and the public.

0580Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Resident Rights Deficiencies

Immediately tell the resident, the resident's doctor, and a family member of situations (injury/decline/room, etc.) that affect the resident.

0582Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Resident Rights Deficiencies

Give residents notice of Medicaid/Medicare coverage and potential liability for services not covered.

0583Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Resident Rights Deficiencies

Keep residents' personal and medical records private and confidential.

0584Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Resident Rights Deficiencies

Honor the resident's right to a safe, clean, comfortable and homelike environment, including but not limited to receiving treatment and supports for daily living safely.

0623Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Resident Rights Deficiencies

Provide timely notification to the resident, and if applicable to the resident representative and ombudsman, before transfer or discharge, including appeal rights.

0626Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Resident Rights Deficiencies

Permit a resident to return to the nursing home after hospitalization or therapeutic leave that exceeds bed-hold policy.

0645Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Resident Assessment and Care Planning Deficiencies

PASARR screening for Mental disorders or Intellectual Disabilities

0684Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies

Provide appropriate treatment and care according to orders, resident’s preferences and goals.

0685Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Quality of Life and Care Deficiencies

Assist a resident in gaining access to vision and hearing services.

0712Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Nursing and Physician Services Deficiencies

Ensure that the resident and his/her doctor meet face-to-face at all required visits.

0730Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Nursing and Physician Services Deficiencies

Observe each nurse aide's job performance and give regular training.

0842Potential for harm · IsolatedCorrected

Resident Assessment and Care Planning Deficiencies

Safeguard resident-identifiable information and/or maintain medical records on each resident that are in accordance with accepted professional standards.

0006Minimal · WidespreadCorrected

Emergency Preparedness Deficiencies

Conduct risk assessment and an All-Hazards approach.

0015Minimal · WidespreadCorrected

Emergency Preparedness Deficiencies

Address subsistence needs for staff and patients.

Federal Penalties

Fine

Dec 19, 2024

$131,178

Ownership & Operations

Who Operates This Facility

Owner / Operator

Birchwood Park Rehabilitation

Organization Type

for profit

Chain Affiliation

Chain Name

Eastern Healthcare Group

Chain Size

18 facilities nationwide

Chain avg rating: 1.3/5 · Rank 17 of 17 (Worst)

Ownership & Management

Owners

Va Snf Operations Holdings LLC

Owner · Organization

100%

Jj United Tr

Owner (parent company) · Organization

50%

Key personnel

Shapiro, AkivaW-2 Managing EmployeeWhitley, NakiaW-2 Managing EmployeeShapiro, AkivaOfficer / Director
Source: Medicare provider data

Contact

Get in Touch

Contact this facility directly and verify the details that matter most to your family.

References & Resources

EveryPlace is a research directory. Facility information is compiled from public sources — Medicare.gov, state licensing portals, Google Places, and publicly available street-level imagery. Listings do not constitute endorsement, recommendation, or advertisement, and we do not accept payment for placement. Families should verify all details directly with the facility and the original sources linked above before making any care decisions. See our Research Policy for our editorial standards, correction process, and image-removal policy.

Safer Alternatives Nearby

Based on current clinical data, we identified 6 nearby facilities within 10 miles that may offer a stronger care environment. We encourage families to compare options carefully.

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